Frank Gehry (28th February 1929 – 5th December 2025)

Born Frank Owen Goldberg in Toronto, Frank Gehry has died at the age of 96. Widely regarded as one of the most influential architects of the contemporary era, his buildings, lyrical, unconventional and instantly recognisable, reshaped skylines and the public imagination alike.

The inventive mind that later revolutionised architecture first emerged in the 1930s on the kitchen floor of his grandmother, Leah Caplan’s, Toronto home. As Paul Goldberger recounts in Building Art: The Life and Work of Frank Gehry, young Frank and Leah built fantastical structures from odd scraps of wood collected from his grandfather’s hardware store. Gehry later said, “There were round pieces that looked like bridges and freeways before there were freeways. She would play with me on an equal level like an adult.” Those early hours constructing miniature worlds felt, in retrospect, like his first Gehry buildings.

Gehry grew up in a traditional Jewish family whose journey from Łódź, Poland, through New York’s Hell’s Kitchen and Cleveland to Toronto brought with it the textures of Eastern European Jewish life. Among the memories that stayed with him was the family carp, kept swimming in the bathtub until its weekly and mysterious disappearance, always just before gefilte fish appeared on the Friday night table. He would later speak often of how that childhood shock shaped his lifelong fascination with fish forms, curves, and fluidity in his designs.

Artistic curiosity was recognised early. A pivotal moment came at 16, when he attended a lecture at the Art Gallery of Toronto. Only later did he realise that the quiet, white-haired man showing curved plywood furniture was Alvar Aalto—whom Gehry would come to regard, alongside Erich Mendelsohn and Le Corbusier, as one of the greatest modern architects. That evening, he quietly set his course.

When his father became seriously ill, the family moved to California in search of better prospects. Money was scarce. Gehry drove trucks by day and studied at Los Angeles City College at night, where he rediscovered art and architecture. USC soon followed, along with a ceramics class that brought him into contact with real architects for the first time. As he later joked, he was mesmerised by “a guy in a black suit and black beret telling contractors what to do and railing against Frank Lloyd Wright.”

After graduating from USC’s School of Architecture and becoming an American citizen, Gehry worked a range of jobs to support his young family. In 1956, he briefly attended the Harvard Graduate School of Design to study city planning, but left disillusioned, returning to Los Angeles to work with Victor Gruen Associates. His first private commission—the David Cabin—arrived soon after.

In 1961, he made an adventurous move to Paris to work with André Remondet. His French education and Canadian background served him well, but after a year, he returned to Los Angeles and established his own practice.

A turning point came in 1978 with the radical remodelling of his Santa Monica home. Its bold, deconstructed form—still endlessly discussed—foreshadowed themes that would define his later work. “I was emotionally trapped because it was this icon,” he reflected years later.

By the 1980s, Gehry had entered full stride. He won the Pritzker Prize in 1989, and his first European commission, the Vitra International Furniture Manufacturing Facility and Design Museum, opened the same year. But it was the 1997 Guggenheim Museum Bilbao that propelled him to global fame. Philip Johnson called it “the greatest building of our time,” and the “Bilbao effect” became shorthand for architecture’s power to transform a city.

Major commissions followed worldwide: the Walt Disney Concert Hall in Los Angeles, the Fondation Louis Vuitton in Paris, Prague’s Dancing House, Seattle’s Museum of Pop Culture, and the Cinémathèque Française in Paris, among many others.

Late in life, he continued to work with undiminished imagination. His projects in Los Angeles, Arles, Philadelphia, Washington and Hollywood demonstrated his continued relevance. At the same time, the ambitious Extreme Model Railroad and Contemporary Architecture Museum in North Adams, Massachusetts, captured his love of play and architectural history.

Gehry’s work resisted easy categorisation, sometimes labelled “the Los Angeles School,” but more often described as unmistakably, undeniably “Gehry.”

He is survived by his family, an extraordinary global legacy, and a body of work that forever altered the possibilities of architecture.